Instructions

Take the quiz as many times as you like. You'll find there are more questions waiting for you. Although you didn't score so high on this visit, we hope you'll take advantage of the resources provided so that you will learn more about how insects are a part of our everyday world. Here's how you scored in each topic: Very good knowledge of the Insects! Here's how you scored in each topic: Looks like you could have breezed through our course! Here's how you scored in each topic: //Group A You have a good knowledge of the interaction of insects and human culture. Humans have been interacting with their world and each other in some pretty neat ways. See the first lectures on Insects and Human Society for the juicy details. //A1 Some cosmetics are made from the royal jelly or beeswax from bee colonies. Actually, some cosmetics are made from royal jelly or beeswax! Royal jelly cosmetics- sounds great, doesn't it? No telling what you have been smearing on your face, is there? Introductory Lecture //A2 Silk, is historically important because: It was an old inexpensive cloth that everyone wore. Silkworm moths were freely exchanged between Western and Eastern cultures. Silk was an essential component in gunpowder. The silk trade from Asia to Europe resulted in the exchange of ideas and cultures between the West and the East The silkworm was a protected animal in ancient China, with attempted export punishable by death. It was a highly valued and valuable cloth that helped promote the exchange of ideas and cultures between East and West. Correct! Silkworms were considered to be very valuable in ancient China, and silk was a luxury cloth in Western Europe. The silk trade allowed both ideas and materials to be exchanged- and possibly helped spread the Black Death to the west. Introductory Lecture //A3 Which of the following is not a product obtained from insects? Dyes. Shellac. Silk Honey. None of the above. Actually, all of these can be obtained from insects. A durable dye that is reddish to tan in color is made from a scale insect, shellac is made form lac insects (another type of scale insect), silk is made by silkworms, and honey is made by honey bees. You are right! Some dyes, shellac, silk, and honey can all be obtained from insects or their products. A durable dye that is reddish to tan in color is made from a scale insect, shellac is made form lac insects (another type of scale insect), silk is made by silkworms, and honey is made by honey bees. Introductory Lecture //A4 Your friend has decided to go into the silk production business and is raising Monarch butterflies to produce silk. You tell your friend: Swallowtail butterflies would be better because they are the state insect and are better adapted to the area. Painted lady butterflies have a large silk cocoon and that you know how to grow them. To get a moth colony instead. Only moth larvae produce a silken cocoon when they pupate. Butterfly larvae produce a silk less chrysalis when they pupate. Yes, and the silkworm moth is one of the most famous insects in the world because of its silk production. 1 - http://www.ento.vt.edu/Courses/Undergraduate/IHS/oncampus/html_files/Diverse.html">Life Cycles Lecture1
2 - Life Cycles Lecture 2 //A5 The U.S. has banned the importation of goods from China packed in untreated wooden crates in order to prevent the entry of which insect into the U.S.? the Asian cockroach the Formosan termite the Asian long-horned beetle Actually it's the Asian long-horned beetle. This beetle attacks hardwood trees and has no known natural enemies. It has been found at 26 sites in the U.S., and the outbreaks were traced to larvae infesting wooden packaging material from China. Right! The Asian long-horned beetle could become a serious pest of our hardwood forests. Can you think of another serious exotic pest that attacks the hardwood forests in the eastern U.S.? (Hint: it's a moth). China Barred from Using Wood Packaging on U.S. Imports, Insects in the News, Sept. 11, 1998. //A6 The piece of pizza above most likely has no insect parts in it. Actually, the pizza sauce has a legal tolerance for insect parts in it, so it may have some "extras" that you did not order! Yes! The 1990 US Dept. of Agriculture legal tolerance for insects and insect parts in tomato paste, pizza, and other sauces is an average of 30 or more fly eggs per 100 grams; 2 or more maggots per 100 grams. Delicious! Orders of Arachnids Lecture //A7 Silk is made from insect saliva. Many larva of Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) have well developed silk glands which are modified salivary glands that produce silk. Most of the worlds silk comes from the cocoon of the giant silkworm moth. Good answer! Many larvae of Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) have well developed silk glands that produce silk. Most of the world's silk comes from the cocoon of the giant silkworm moth. Why Study Insects Lecture //A8 Insects are good models to study aeronautics. This is true. Insect flight has been studied to improve our knowledge of aeronautics. You are right! Insect flight has been studied to improve our knowledge of aeronautics. Why Study Insects Lecture //A9 What government agency sets limits on the amount of insect parts allowed in our food? The Food and Drug Administration The Food and Agriculture Organization The Animal and Plant Inspection Service Actually, the Food and Drug Administration is responsible for this duty. The Food and Agriculture Organization is an international group which seeks to improve the world's food sources, and the Animal and Plant Inspection Service enforces quarantines of food products in the United States. This is correct! The Food and Drug Administration is responsible for this duty. The Food and Agriculture Organization is an international group which seeks to improve the world's food sources, and the Animal and Plant Inspection Service enforces quarantines of food products in the United States. Why Study Insects Lecture //A10 Which arthropod was reported in August 1998 as the fourth major cause of death in part of Iran? ticks assassin bugs scorpions centipedes Actually scorpions were reported as the fourth major cause of death in part of Iran. You are corrrect! Scorpions were reported as the fourth major cause of death in part of Iran. Scorpions Take High Toll in Iran, August 1998, Insects in the News //Group B You have a good knowledge of the problems that insects can cause. Insects can be very dangerous and destructive pests. See the lectures on insect pests of urban environments, of animals, of plants, and disease-spreading pests. //B11 Insect pest problems have increased because of monocultures (large tracts of one crop). Monocultures, which are large tracts of land devoted to growing one crop, really do increase pest problems. Yes, growing many acres of one crop in a monoculture setting do increase pest problems. Insect Pests of Plants Lecture //B12 "Ring around the Rosie . . " is a nursery rhyme about malaria. Ring around the Rosie is about the plague, or Black Death. This is a bacterial disease transmitted by fleas to humans. Yes! The rosie was supposedly the ring around a 'buboe', which was an inflammation of a lymph gland. The buboe often had a 'bruised' appearance because of blood vessel breakages under the skin- hence 'the ring around the rosie.' The phrase 'A pocket full of posies' referred to the nosegays carried to perfume the air because the Black Death was believed to emanate from 'Corrupt Vapors.' The 'Achoos, achoos' refers to sneezing. The lungs of a pneumonic plague victim would partially fill with frothy blood, and the person would cough a lot. The rhyme ends with 'we all fall down.' No explanation needed here! Insect Transmitted Disease Lecture 1 //B13 The organisms above were found inside a wall in your house. They are black, have six legs and are social insects. They are: Carpenter ants Termites Dragonflies Bedbugs A tough question because we really did not explain this to you yet. But, that is okay in a review question! The insects are carpenter ants and they live in wood. Ants have elbowed antenna and a thread waist. Yes!!! Carpenter ants live in wood and cause millions of dollars in damage each year in Virginia. Carpenter ants are narrow-waisted black ants, have six legs and elbowed antennae. Workers are quite active, come in several sizes, and are normally 3/8 to 1/2 inch long. Queens are much bigger than the workers and have clear, membranous wings. Carpenter ants do not usually bite when handled, as many children already know. Carpenter ants tunnel in wood but feed other materials such as dead insects. They do not actively eat wood like termites, but their tunneling can damage homes. Carpenter ants are also long lived, with nests surviving for 8 to 10 years. Insect Pests in Urban Environments Lecture //B14 You found this crawling on your head. It is an example of why you should study insects because . . . This is a pest insect that has increased in abundance due to large expanses of one species of plant. This is a pest insect that breeds in irrigation canals, which have increased as the human population increased. This pest insect has been spread primarily by intercontinental transport, like the gypsy moth. This pest insect has increased in abundance because humans are its host. It is a louse, so it has increased in abundance as the human population has increased in abundance. Yes! It is a louse, so more people, more hosts. I know- this is a really louse-y question!!!!! Insect Pests in Urban Environments Lecture //B15 The above organisms are urban pests and are: Termites Carpenter ants Fleas Mosquitoes These are termite workers feeding on wood. Right, these are termite workers. One of us took this picture while traveling in Mali, which is in western Africa. Termites are more than just wood-destroying pests in Mali- they are economic pests of peanuts and other crops, too! Insect Pests in Urban Environments Lecture //B16 Mosquitoes transmit heartworms to: Dogs only. Dogs and infant humans. Dogs, infant humans, and cats. Anything that the male mosquito bites. Male mosquitoes do not feed. Dogs, infant humans, and cats can get heartworm. Right! Dogs, infant humans, and cats can get a heartworm infestation. Remember that mosquitoes can fly in from a neighbor's yard to infest your child, dog, or cat, so take the proper precautions. Dogs in particular can receive effective heartworm medication from a veterinarian. This medication is a preventative will protect your dog from the ills of these nasty worms. Insects as Pests of Domestic Animals Lecture //B17 You were just stung by an insect, and it is now in your pants. You are sure that it is a honeybee. You: Relax, because bees sting only once and do not leave their stinger imbedded in you. Pull off your pants so you don't get stung again by that honeybee. Try to remove the stinger with tweezers and don't worry about the honeybee in your pants. Get a knife or other sharp object to remove the stinger. Honeybee stingers remain embedded in the skin, along with poison glands and muscles to rhythmically squeeze them. Tweezers may squeeze these glands/muscles, causing more poison to be injected. Use a knife or other sharp, flat item to try to flick out the stinger. Right! It would be wise to avoid using tweezers, because they may squeeze these glands/muscles, causing more poison to be injected. Use a knife or other sharp, flat item to try to flick out the stinger. Honeybee sting movie in How to Identify Insects Lecture 2 //B18 You found these in your back yard. They are living on one of your plants, and have beaks that arise from the back of their heads. They are in the Order: Hemiptera. Homoptera. Mantodea. Blattaria. These are aphids, and are in the Order Homoptera. Hemiptera contains the true bugs (beaks from front of head), Mantodea contains the preying mantises, and Blattaria contains the cockroaches. Good answer! Aphids, scale insects, and their kin have beaks that arise from the back of their heads. This is a photo of some aphids. Insects like aphids can transmit diseases to plants with their hypodermic-needle-like mouthparts. How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //B19 The immature form of this insect is on the lower half of the slide. Where would you be most likely to find this immature? In the carpet, if you have an indoor pet. On a dog or a cat. Underneath the refrigerator in your kitchen. In the clothes hamper. These are fleas. Immature fleas are maggot-like and typically live in carpets or bedding Good answer! Fleas are wingless siphon feeders that are about 1/8 inch long, dark brown, and shiny. Their bodies are flat so that they can move easily between hairs on an animal. There are more than 2,000 different kinds of fleas, with about 20 kinds that feed on humans. The cat flea is the most common flea in homes and on your pets. This animal has more than 50 hosts that it lives on, including dogs, cats, opossums, skunks, squirrels, and the house mouse. Adult cat fleas feed on blood (surprise!), and the female flea needs a blood meal to produce eggs. The eggs are laid on the host and fall off into the carpet or bedding of the pet. They hatch into legless and eyeless larvae that live in the carpet or bedding. Flea larvae eat the feces of the adult flea, and other organic matter. Yummy!!!! The feces contain undigested blood so the larvae can obtain a nutritionally useful food from them. Larvae molt into a pupal stage, and pupae reside in a silken cocoon, which is typically stuck to carpet hairs. Adults emerge from the cocoon and begin searching for a host. Fleas can live from about two weeks to more than a year if environmental conditions are right. Insects as Pests of Domestic Animals Lecture //B20 One of the trees in your backyard looks like this stem. What is wrong with it? It has a fungal disease. Nothing! It is fine. It has a virus disease. It has a scale insect infestation. It has a scale insect infestation. Scales often do not even look like they are alive, with no visible legs or body divisions. People might mistake these for globs of gunk on their plants, and not realize that they are actually insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts that are sucking sap from their plants. Good! You recognized these as scale insects. This is a fascinating group of insects that comes in many shapes, sizes, and colors. Mealybugs are a scale insect relative that commonly occurs on houseplants. How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //B21 Aphids are important vectors of animal disease. Aphids are phytophagous and do not attack animals. However, they are important vectors of plant diseases. What kind of mouthparts do you think aphids have? Correct! Aphids are phytophagous and do not attack animals. However, they are important vectors of plant diseases. They can inject disease-causing organisms into a plant with their piercing-sucking mouthparts. How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //B22 Chiggers dissolve skin tissue around their beaks, and this tissue hardens into a tube. The tube remains after the chigger leaves, causing itching. This is true. Chiggers really do dissolve skin and form a tube, called a stylostome. Right! And, the tube is called a stylostome. Characteristics of Arthropods and Insects Lecture 2 //B23 You recently found an arthropod on your friend's head. It has six legs, and it is hard. It looks to you like it has only one noticeable body region and it definitely has no mandibles. It is dark brown in color, with segmented legs. Your friend wants to know what it is because it apparently is feeding on your friend. You tell your friend that: it is a scorpion, so look out! it is an ant. it is a spider. it is a tick. It is an immature tick, which has six legs. The one noticeable body region clue should have given this one away, along with its absence of mandibles. It is a tick. Ticks may transmit Lyme Disease, Human Infectious Erlichiosis, or Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, depending upon the species of tick. 1 - Characteristics of Arthropods and Insects Lecture 2
2 - Insect Transmitted Diseases Lecture 2 //B24 People can catch plague in the U.S. today. This is true! People in the southwest can catch plague vectored by fleas from ground squirrels. You are right! People in the southwest can catch plague vectored by fleas from ground squirrels. How to Identify Insects Lecture 2 //B25 A nit is an egg of a louse Actually, a nit is an egg of a louse. You are right! Introductory Lecture //B26 Bubonic plague is vectored by: fleas flies lice nits Actually, bubonic plague is vectored by fleas. Yes! Bubonic plague is vectored by fleas. How to Identify Insects Lecture 2 //B27 Which of the following areas are you most likely to find dust mites in your home? potted plants under the bathroom sink the pantry and the cupboards your carpet and your mattress Actually you are most likely to find dust mites in your carpet and mattress where they feed on your dead skin cells. You are right! You are most likely to find dust mites in your carpet and mattress where they feed on your dead skin cells. Insect Pests in Urban Environments Lecture //B28 The #1 disease of humans today worldwide is: malaria AIDS cancer yellow fever Actually, malaria is the most prevalent disease of humans around the world. It's vectored by mosquitoes, which also carry yellow fever. You are right! Malaria is the most prevalent disease of humans around the world. It's vectored by mosquitoes, which also carry yellow fever. Insect Transmitted Diseases Lecture 1 //Group C You seem to do pretty well at insect identification. Insect identification can be difficult. Review the lectures on insect identification again. //C29 All insects are true bugs, but not all true bugs are insects. True bugs are in the Order Hemiptera, and only insects in that order are appropriately called bugs. Yes, only insects in the Order Hemiptera are called the true bugs. How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //C30 One order of insects has 300,000 described species, with immatures that are commonly called grubs. This order contains: Beetles True bugs Moths and butterflies Wasps Immature beetles are called grubs and are in the Order Coleoptera. The beetles have 300,000+ species. Yes, the beetles have grub-like immatures and are in the Order Coleoptera. How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //C31 One order of insects is supposed to have the habit of crawling into your ear and laying eggs. An episode of the TV show Night Gallery featured this insect. The insects in this order are nocturnal and omnivorous. They have cerci, or pincers, at the ends of their abdomens. The order is: Odonata. Dermaptera. Coleoptera. Hemiptera. Dragonflies (Odonata), beetles (Coleoptera), or true bugs (Hemiptera) thankfully do not supposedly have the habit of crawling into people's ears. The NIght Gallery show featured earwigs, which are in the Order Dermaptera, but they do not crawl in your ears. Yes! Earwigs do not do this, though, so fear not. They are excellent predators that use their cerci to capture prey. How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //C32 True bugs have beaks that arise from the back of their heads. Insects in the Order Homoptera, such as aphids and whiteflies, have beaks that arise from the back of their heads. True bugs are in the Order Hemiptera and have beaks that arise from the front of their heads. Yes, True bugs are in the Order Hemiptera and beaks arise from the front of the head. How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //C33 The above organism is in the Order Arthropoda Mandibulata Hemiptera Coleoptera It is a true bug, and is in the Order Hemiptera. It has a triangular shield and piercing-sucking mouthparts. Right, and it has gradual metamorphosis and piercing-sucking mouthparts that arise from the front of the head. How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //C34 The above organism is in the Class: Arthropoda Acari Arachnida Hexapoda It has six legs and three body regions, so it is in the Class Hexapoda. Right, and Hexapods are insects. This is a louse. 1 - How to Identify Insects Lecture 1
2 - How to Identify Insects Lecture 2 http://www.ento.vt.edu/Courses/Undergraduate/IHS/oncampus/html_files/Ident2.html //C35 The above organism is in the Class: Orthoptera Acari Arthropoda Hexapoda It is a beetle, which is in the CLASS Hexapoda and the ORDER Coleoptera. Right, it is a hexapod, which means six legs. It is a beetle! 1 - How to Identify Insects Lecture 1
2 - How to Identify Insect Lecture 2 //C36 You found the above insect in your basement. It shed its wings almost immediately after you saw it. It is a: Flying Ant Dragonfly Flying Termite Flying Cockroach It is a winged termite, in the Order Isoptera. The name Isoptera means equal wings, and you can see that the winged adult has four identical-looking wings. Normally, the winged termites in our area are black in color. Yes, it is a winged termite in the Order Isoptera. Winged termites are wide-waisted, have two equal-sized pair of wings, and do not have elbowed antennae. How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //C37 This order of insects is 'thread-waisted', with two pair of membranous wings. This order contains: Fleas Flies Wasps Cockroaches Fleas are wingless, flies have one pair of wings, and cockroaches are not 'thread-waisted', so it is wasps. Right! Wasps can be beneficial as parasitic insect that attack insect pests, and can also be social and form huge colonies, like bald-faced hornets. How to Identify Insect Lecture 2 //C38 The picture above shows some unsegmented worms, such as roundworms, hookworms, and as this picture shows, dog heartworms. These worms are in the Phylum: Arthropoda Echinodermata Nematoda Chordata Unsegmented worms are in the Phylum Nematoda. They are often called nematodes. Right! Unsegmented worms are in the Phylum Nematoda, and are often called nematodes. Insects transmit several nematode diseases to humans and animals, including dog heartworm to dogs and cats (yes, cats), and elephantiasis (filariasis) to humans. Characteristics of Arthropods //C39 The animal above lives in or near water and has a free-floating larval stage. It is in the Subphylum: Crustacea Isopoda Diplopoda Hexapoda This is a crab, so it is in the Subphylum Crustacea. Yes!!! Crabs are primarily aquatic members of the subphylum Crustacea. Soft-shelled crabs, which are often served in restaurants, are crabs that have recently molted and their exoskeleton has not hardened yet. Yummy! Characteristics of Arthropods //C40 A Chilopod is a (n): Spider. Centipede. Roly-poly. Insect. A Chilopod is a centipede. Good! Centipedes are in the Order Chilopoda. Characteristics of Arthropods //C41 The picture above shows an insect in the Order Lepidoptera. From the type of antennae and way the wings are held, you know that this is a: Moth. Butterfly. Dragonfly. Housefly. It is a butterfly,. because it has knobbed antennae and it is holding its wings vertically at rest. Right! You correctly said that this is a butterfly, because of the knobbed antennae and the way it is holding its wings vertically at rest. How to Identify Insect Lecture 2 //C42 The above insect is : flea thrips louse silverfish This is a flea, in the Order Siphonaptera. Adults are small, hard-bodied and laterally flattened. Female fleas require blood before they can lay their eggs. Fleas vector plague. Right! This is a flea, in the Order Siphonaptera. Adults are small, hard-bodied and laterally flattened. Female fleas require blood before they can lay their eggs. Fleas vector plague. How to Identify Insect Lecture 2 //C43 You can tell a butterfly from a moth on the basis of bright coloration. This is not true! Some moths are as brightly colored as butterflies, and some butterflies do not have bright colors. A better way to tell the difference is by the type of antennae and how they hold their wings. Correct! Some moths are as brightly colored as butterflies, and some butterflies do not have bright colors. Can you tell the difference between a butterfly's and a moth's antennae? How to Identify Insect Lecture 2 //C44 Which of the following belongs to the Order Homoptera: honey bee aphid stinkbug cricket Aphids belong to the Order Homoptera. These are important pests of plants that can rapidly build up their population numbers and can transmit several plant diseases. Right! Aphids belong to the Order Homoptera. Can you name the Orders the other insects listed belong to? How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //C45 Which of the following is not characteristic of the Order Hemiptera: hemelyta piercing-sucking mouthparts a beak which arises at the front of the head one pair of wings Actually, Hemipterans have two pairs of wings. Their wings are described as hemelytra, partially membranous with a leathery base attached to the thorax. Most bugs are plant feeders. Right! Hemipterans actually have two pairs of wings. Their wings are described as hemelytra, partially membranous with a leathery base attached to the thorax. How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //C46 Which of the following does not belong to the Order Orthoptera: crickets katydids cicadas grasshoppers Actually cicadas belong to the Order Homoptera, whose members have piercing-sucking mouthparts. The Orthopterans have what kind of mouthparts? Right! Cicadas belong to the Order Homoptera. All of the insects listed are known for their musical ability, although in some instances their music resembles noise more than anything else. Why would insects make music? In what ways could this communication be important? How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //C47 The adult of the above insect probably: Is an aphid or a whitefly Is a moth or butterfly Is an earwig Is a true bug It is a larva, so it has complete metamorphosis. It is also a caterpillar, and that makes it a butterfly or moth. Yes, it is a monarch butterfly caterpillar. Insect Life Cycles Lecture //C48 The five kingdoms include the: Plantae, Animalia, Arthropoda, Fungi, and Protista (Protoctista) Animalia, Fungi, Monera, Protista (Protoctista), Plantae Monera, Virusa, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi Fungi, Animalia, Virusa, Plantae, Monera The correct answer is Animalia, Fungi, Monera, Protista (Protoctista), Plantae. Virusa is not a kingdom, nor is Arthropoda. Good! You did well. Virusa is not a kingdom, and viruses are not recognized as living. Interesting! Characteristics of Arthropods //C49 The above organism is in the Order: Arachnida Araneida Arabica Acari It is a spider. The CLASS is Arachnida and the ORDER is Araneida. Right, spiders are in the ORDER Araneida. Characteristics of Arthropods and Insects Lecture 2 //C50 The Kingdom Monera contains the: Bacteria. Fungi. Slime Molds. Viruses. The Kingdom Monera is bacteria, Fungi is fungi, Protista is slime molds, and viruses are not in a Kingdom because they are not considered to be alive. Right! There are five Kingdoms. Can you name them??? Characteristics of Arthropods //C51 The Kingdom Protista contains the: Bacteria. Fungi. Slime Molds. Viruses. The Kingdom Monera is bacteria, Fungi is fungi, Protista is slime molds, and viruses are not in a Kingdom because they are not considered to be alive. Right! There are five Kingdoms. Viruses are not yet considered to be alive. Imagine that! Characteristics of Arthropods //C52 This organism is in the SUBPHYLUM: Arachnida. Crustacea. Arthropoda. Isopoda. It is a hermit crab, and they are in the PHYLUM Arthropoda,, SUBPHYLUM Crustacea. Yes! Hermit crabs are in the subphylum Crustacea. They generally make good pets, too! You can hold them in your hand as long as you are careful to make the skin tight on your hand when you pick them up. Characteristics of Arthropods //C53 The above animals: are primarily aquatic. have two pairs of legs per segment. are called centipedes. are generally harmless. This is a daddy longlegs, or harvestman, and is in the Order Opiliones. The order is sometimes also referred to as Phalangida. Right! It is a harvestman or daddy longlegs. They have one apparent body region, are active at night, and are detritus feeders. The order is sometimes also referred to as Phalangida. Characteristics of Arthropods and Insects Lecture 2 //C54 Your and your 'significant other' are on a nature hike and your 'other' likes to flip over logs and see what is there. Under this particular log, your 'other' finds a dark, multilegged creature. It has one pair of legs per segment and is shiny reddish brown in color. Your 'other' reaches for it. You: Yell "STOP! It is a centipede and can bite!" Say "Why do you want to pick up a millipede?" Yell "STOP! It is a scorpion!" Say "Oh, boy, I'm hungry!" It is likely to be a centipede from the description. Millipedes have two pair of legs per segment, and scorpions would have a stinger and claws. Yes, and centipedes are good predators. If you picked it up you would likely be bitten by the centipede. Its first pair of legs have been modified into poison fangs. Characteristics of Arthropods and Insects Lecture 2 //C55 This organism is in the CLASS: Arachnida. Araneida. Arthropoda. Chelicerata. It is a tarantula, and tarantulas are in the PHYLUM Arthropoda, CLASS Arachnida, and ORDER Araneida. Yes! Tarantulas are generally not very dangerous in the US., unless you are handling an imported tarantula. Black widows and Brown recluses are the dangerous spiders in the US Characteristics of Arthropods and Insects Lecture 2 //C56 Fred Astaire and Leslie Caron starred in the 1955 movie "Daddy Longlegs." What order of Arachnids is this movie named after? Coleoptera. Lepidoptera. Hexapoda. Opiliones. A daddy longlegs, sometimes called a harvestman, is in the Order Opiliones. This order is sometimes also referred to as the Order Phalangida. Yes! The movie was named after arthropods in the order Opiliones or Phalangida-both names are used for this order. Harvestman are often one of the first arthropods that children pick up and examine. Harvestmen are harmless scavengers in the US. Characteristics of Arthropods and Insects Lecture 2 //C57 Which group of Arthropods does not have antennae? Chilopoda. Hexapoda. Arachnida. Crustacea. The answer is Arachnids, which are spiders. Spiders do not have antennae. Yes! Spiders are Arachnids and do not have antennae. Characteristics of Arthropods and Insects Lecture 2 //C58 I have six legs when young and eight as an adult. I am a(n): Insect. Millipede. Tick. Spider. Mites and ticks have six legs when immature and eight when adults. Imagine what it must be like to grow two extra legs as one matures!!! Yes, it is a tick! Mites and ticks have very interesting life cycles! Characteristics of Arthropods and Insects Lecture 2 //C59 The above organism has mouthparts that are: Piercing-sucking Chewing Sponging Siphoning This is a fly head. Mosquitoes are an insect with piercing-sucking mouthparts, beetles have chewing mouthparts, butterflies have siphoning mouthparts, and some flies have sponging mouthparts. Good answer!!!! This fly head has sponging mouthparts. Why are Insects so Diverse and Abundant Lecture //Group D You seem to know your insect biology pretty well. What makes an insect tick is pretty important. Review the lectures on insect biology again. These include anatomy, lifecycles, senses, and some of the indentification lectures. //D60 Fruit flies are good genetic models because they have small chromosomes. Actually, they have LARGE chromosomes that are easily seen with light microscopes. This makes them good genetic models. Correct! They actually have large chromosomes, not small ones. Why Study Insects Lecture //D61 Immature dragonflies are called larvae. Immature dragonflies have gradual metamorphosis, and are called nymphs or naiads. Right! Immature dragonflies are aquatic nymphs. Insect Life Cycles Lecture //D62 You can't sleep, so you go to the kitchen at 2AM. You spot a whitish cockroach with brown eyes crawling on the remains of your peanut butter and jelly sandwich. You yell, and this awakens your roommate. You say: "Wow, I have never seen an albino cockroach before." "Wow, look at the cockroach that just molted!." "Wow, a white species of cockroach!" "Wow, I did not know professors would eat peanut butter and jelly sandwiches!" Professors are NOT cockroaches, I am happy to say. The brown eyes tells us that this is not an albino, such it must be newly molted. There are no known white species of cockroaches. Right! If your whitish cockroach had pink eyes, though, it really would have been an albino. Insect Life Cycles Lecture //D63 It is summer time, and it is a hot day. You are at the beach and see a dragonfly perched on a stick a few feet from your head. Its abdominal wall is rhythmically moving in and out. What is it doing? Preparing to lay eggs. Attracting a mate. Ventilating its abdomen. Digesting recently eaten food. A tough question. The insect was ventilating its abdomen. This helps with gaseous movement into and out of the tracheal system. Yes!!! Ventilation improves gaseous movement into and out of the tracheal system. The ventilation movements act like a bellows, moving air into and out of the abdomen. Dragonflies can also heat and cool their bodies with the position of their abdomens. A dragonfly with its abdomen pointed down and perched in the shade is cooling off, as the hot blood collects in the abdomen- which is now lower than the thorax. A dragonfly perched in the sun with its abdomen up is heating itself, as the blood warmed in the abdomen flows downwards towards the thorax and head. Insect Anatomy Lecture 1 //D64 Immature beetles are called larvae. Beetles are in the Order Coleoptera, and this order has complete metamorphosis. Insect with complete metamorphosis have an immatures that are called a larva or larvae. Right, beetles are in the Order Coleoptera, and this order has complete metamorphosis. Insect Life Cycles Lecture //D65 Your roommate kills a mosquito and notices that the fluid squirting out of the insect is red. You wow your roommate with your knowledge of Entomology by saying: "That's your blood. Most insect blood does not contain hemoglobin." "Only female mosquitoes have red blood. Male mosquitoes have green blood." "Ooh! It is gushy!" "Only male mosquitoes bite. They need a blood meal to make sperm." Mosquito blood, like most insect blood, does not contain hemoglobin. It is not red, so it has to be non-insect blood . . . maybe yours!!!!!!!!!!! Yes, mosquito blood is not red because it does not contain hemoglobin. Insect Anatomy Lecture 1 //D66 The order that contains organisms that transmit plant diseases and that have both sexual and asexual reproduction is: Lepidoptera. Acari. Homoptera. Mantodea. Insects that transmit diseases usually have piercing-sucking mouthparts. The only order in the list of choice that has organisms with piercing-sucking mouthparts is the Order Homoptera. This order contains the aphids, leafhoppers, whiteflies, and scale insects. Yes! aphids and leafhoppers are especially troublesome in some cases because of their ability to transmit diseases to plants. How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //D67 The picture above is of Roboroach. Electrodes are placed in the insect so that scientists can send a signal to it. What appendages were replaced with the electrodes? Mouthparts. Antennae. Legs. Spiracles. The antennae were replaced. "Roboroach" is being designed to travel into earthquake-damaged wreckage and look for signs of human life, with the cockroaches to be fitted with mini-cameras. Cockroaches, of course, can get into much smaller places than search dogs. Good! The antennae were replaced with pulse-emitting electrodes to make the cockroach turn left or right, or forward or backward. Eventually, the idea is to fit the cockroaches with mini-cameras or sensory devices. These tiny explorers can then be used to look for buried people in collapsed buildings, or search in areas too small for anything else to get in, such as electrical pipes inside of a building. Pretty cool! Insect Senses Lecture //D68 How many pairs of wings do termites have? Actually termites have 2 pairs of wings, but you'll only see them on the reproductive malesand females when they leave for their mating flights! Worker termites make up the largest portion of a termite colony, and they do not have wings. The worker caste collects the food for the colony, so the workers do the most damage to wooden structures. You are right! Termites have 2 pairs of wings, but you'll only see them on the reproductive males and females when they leave for their mating flights! Termites are social insects, but they are not related to the Hymenoptera. Termites are more closely related to Blattaria, the cockroaches, and both Orders probably shared a common ancestor. How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //D69 How many pairs of wings do bees have? This is incorrect. Bees, like most winged insects except for the flies, have 2 pairs of wings. Correct! Bees, like most winged insects except for the flies, have 2 pairs of wings. How to Identify Insects Lecture 2 //D70 Flies have how many pairs of wings? Actually flies have only 1 pair of wings. What used to be a second pair have evolved into a pair of haltares, which flies use as gyroscopes during flight. You are right! Flies have only 1 pair of wings. What used to be a second pair have evolved into a pair of haltares, which flies use as gyroscopes during flight. How to Identify Insects Lecture 2 //D71 Beetles have how many pairs of wings? Actually beetles have 2 pairs of wings. The first pair are hardened and thickened elytra which protect the thinner, more delicate second pair. You are right! Beetles have 2 pairs of wings. The first pair are hardened and thickened elytra which protect the thinner, more delicate second pair. How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //D72 The insect pictured above has a barbed stinger. This is false. This is a wasp. Honey bees have a barbed stinger, but wasps do not. Their stingers are smooth, allowing them to sting several times, and the act of stinging does not result in their death. Correct! This is a wasp, which have smooth stingers. Honeybees have a barbed stinger and the act of stinging results in their death because the abdomen is torn apart when the barb is left in your skin. How to Identify Insects Lecture 2 //D73 Fleas are laterally flattened so: they can expand with a blood meal. they can move between the hairs of their host. they are harder to squish. Fleas are laterally flattened so they can move between the hairs of their host. One flea, the chigoe, burrows into the skin between the toes of humans tofeed and reproduce. This flea is found in the tropical Americas, Africa, and the West Indies. Right! Fleas are laterally flattened so they can move between the hairs of their host. Immature fleas have chewing mouthparts, so they cannot bite their host to drink blood. They feed on the dried blood meal excreted by the adults. How to Identify Insects Lecture 2 //D74 Damselfly nymphs have internal gills to exchange gases for respiration. Actually, this is false. Damselfly nymphs have external gills which resemble three flags attached to the tips of their abdomens. Can you name which aquatic nymph in the same order (Odonata) which has internal gills? Correct! Damselfly nymphs have external gills which resemble three flags attached to the tips of their abdomens. Dragonfly nymphs have internal gills for respiration. Can you think of another difference between these two insects? How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //D75 Male insects have ovipositors. Actually, this is false. Ovipositors are organs used to lay eggs, so only female insects have them. Stingers are actually modified ovipositors that have evolved to inject venom, so again only female insects can sting. Can you name the Order that contains the insects with stingers? Correct! Only female insects have ovipositors, which are organs used to lay eggs. Some parasitic wasps have ovipositors that are several inches long which they plunge thorough wood to reach the larvae of beetles. Stingers are actually modified ovipositors that have evolved to inject venom, so again only female insects can sting. How to Identify Insects Lecture 2 //D76 A praying mantis eats only pest insects. Actually, this is false. Praying mantids will eat anything they can catch, including beneficial insects like honey bees or even smaller praying mantids! From the mantid's point of view, there is no such thing as a "good bug" or a "bad bug", there's only "prey" or not "prey". Correct! Praying mantids will eat anything they can catch, including beneficial insects like honey bees or even smaller praying mantids! You might want to think twice about releasing praying mantids into your garden if you don't want your pollinators eaten! How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //D77 Earwigs can catch their prey with their cerci. Earwigs really can catch their prey with their cerci, which are the "pincers" at the tip of their abdomen. Earwigs are beneficial insects, and do not bite humans, but they might try to grab you with their cerci. Correct! Earwigs really can catch their prey with their cerci, which are the "pincers" at the tip of their abdomen. Despite their appearance, earwigs are harmless insects to humans. How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //D78 Hymenopterans are the only social insects. This is false. Termites are also social insects with a caste society. The Isopterans are important pests of wood structures, causing millions of dollars of damage annually. Can you tell the difference between an ant and a termite if you found one in your house? You are right! Termites have also evolved a social society. The Isopterans are important pests of wood structures, causing millions of dollars of damage annually. Many people incorrectly call termites "white ants". If you own a house it's important that you can tell the difference between an ant and a termite. How to Identify Insects Lecture 1 //D79 Pupae do not eat or drink. Pupae do not have mouthparts that they can use to eat or drink. It is the resting stage. Right! The pupal stage is the stage where that tremendous transformation takes place. Insect Life Cycles Lecture //D80 This insect probably: Has no metamorphosis. Has incomplete metamorphosis. Has complete metamorphosis. Has hypermetamorphosis. It is a silverfish and has no metamorphosis. Silverfish are primitive-looking insects. Yes! It is a silverfish and has no metamorphosis. They typically occur in homes and are found in dark and warm places at night. Silverfish like to eat starch so you might find them near a book, eating the starchy binding. Insect Life Cycles Lecture //D81 The type of metamorphosis exhibited by the insect above is: No metamorphosis. Partial metamorphosis. Incomplete metamorphosis. Complete metamorphosis First, you have to identify the insect. It is a ladybird beetle, which you could tell by looking at the hard, sheath-like first pair of wings. After that, you remember that beetles are in the Order Coleoptera and this order has Complete Metamorphosis. Right! beetles are in the Order Coleoptera and this order has Complete Metamorphosis. So, beetles do have a pupal stage, for example. Insect Life Cycles Lecture //D82 The graph above shows an insect in three stages of its life cycle. What stage is pointed to? Adult stage Larval stage Egg Stage Pupal stage The arrow points to the adult stage. Yes!!! In this case, the arrow points to an adult silkworm moth. The other stages shown are the larval stage (caterpillar) and the pupal stage. The picture is from the Why Study Insects Lecture, but the question refers to the Metamorphosis Lecture. We are getting tricky . . . Insect Life Cycles Lecture //D83 The graph above shows an insect in three stages of its life cycle. What stage is pointed to? Adult stage Larval stage Egg Stage Pupal stage The arrow points to the larval stage. Yes!!! In this case, the arrow points to a silkworm larva. The other stages shown are the adult stage and the pupal stage. Insect Life Cycles Lecture //D84 The graph above shows an insect in three stages of its life cycle. What stage is pointed to? Adult stage Larval stage Egg Stage Pupal stage The arrow points to the pupal stage. Yes!!! The arrow points to a silkworm pupa. The other stages shown are the larval stage (caterpillar) and the adult stage (winged form). Silkworms were once extremely important to China, with a penalty of death for anyone caught attempting to smuggle them out of the country. Insect Life Cycles Lecture //D85 A green insect lands on your friend. He or she shrieks, dislodges the insect, and it lands on you. You notice that it has wing pads, and conclude that it: Flew from a nearby tree to your friend. Must be a larval form of some butterfly or moth. Is an immature with the same food source as the adult form. Has no metamorphosis. It has wingpads, so it has partial or gradual metamorphosis. Insects with this type of metamorphosis have an immature with the same food source as the adult form. Right! It has partial or gradual metamorphosis because it has wingpads. Insect Life Cycles Lecture //D86 Spider webs do not attract insects. Actually, some webs do attract insects. You correctly answered false. We used to think that all spider webs were totally passive instruments designed to capture prey, but now we know that some webs resemble the images insect see when they are looking for food. Others emit odors that can actually attract some insects, such as certain species of male moths. National Science Foundation Frontiers newsletter, 6/95. //D87 Most insect blood does not carry oxygen, but does carry food and hormones. Most insect blood does not contain hemoglobin, which is the chemical in human blood that carries oxygen. Insects have a separate respiratory system, with tracheae, that carries oxygen. You are right, the tracheal system carries oxygen. Insect Anatomy Lecture 1 //D88 Arthropods with many identical segments are usually considered to be advanced. Having many similar segments means that there is a great deal of unnecessary redundancy, which is primitive. Yes, having less segments, which leads to more specialization, is advanced. Characteristics of Arthropods Lecture //D89 Insects were the only organisms that could fly for about 100 million years. Insects had a huge advantage for 100 million years by being the only organisms that could fly. Yes, and flight was a great technological advance that allowed the insects to disperse, avoid predators, or find a mate. Characteristics of Arthropods Lecture 2 //D90 The organism above is an extinct relative of modern-day Arthropods. It is called a: Trilobite. Isopod. Eurypterid. Tricoptera. This is a fossilized Trilobite. Right! This is a trilobite, and at one time trilobites were extremely abundant. They are considered ancestors to insects and other arthropods. Characteristics of Arthropods Lecture //D91 Insects are the only arthropods that can fly. We know of no other arthropods that have wings, other than insects. Yes, and wings are a marvelous mechanism for dispersal, avoidance of predators, and for finding a mate. Characteristics of Arthropods Lecture 2 //D92 The Order Isopoda contains organisms that: Live in huge colonies and eat wood in our homes. Can roll into a ball. Have three pair of legs. Release cyanide gas. Isopods, or roly-polys, are harmless and can roll themselves into a ball. Yes, and roly-polys are harmless. Characteristics of Arthropods Lecture 2 //D93 The correct order for the parts of an insect's leg, from the body out, is: coxa, femur, trochanter, tibia, tarsus trochanter, coxa, tarsus, tibia, femur tibia, trochanter, femur, coxa, tarsus coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus coxa, tibia, femur, tarsus, trochanter The correct order is coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus. Right! The tarsi are functional similar to human toes. Characteristics of arthropods and insect //D94 The white-colored objects on the side of this caterpillar are spiracles. Actually, they really are spiracles, used as holes to admit air. Spiracles usually contain valves and have a hydrophobic coating (waxy coating to repel water). Right! Spiracles are part of the tracheal respiratory system. Tracheae are the internal tubes used for gaseous exchange, and spiracles are the external openings. Characteristics of Arthropods Lecture 2 //D95 All spiders have mandibles. Spiders do not have mandibles, they have chelicerae. Yes! Spiders have chelicerae. Humans have mandibles, and your lower jaw is your mandible. A spider with a lower jaw would look pretty unusual, wouldn't it? Characteristics of Arthropods Lecture 2 //D96 Millipedes have modified first pair of legs that they use to kill prey. CENTIPEDES, not millipedes, have modified first pair of legs that they use to kill prey. Okay! Millipedes do not have poison claws, as the question describes. Can you name what does???? Characteristics of Arthropods Lecture 2 //D97 The arrow in the diagram above points to a seta, used for sensory perception by an arthropod. The arrow really does point to a seta. Right! Setae are used for perceiving the environment and for detecting movement. Why are Insects so Diverse and Abundant Lecture //D98 The arrow in the diagram above points to the endocuticle, which is shed during molting. The arrow points to the epicuticle, which is shed during molting. You correctly answered false. The arrow points to the epicuticle. The endocuticle is recycled during molting and is not shed. Why are Insects so Diverse and Abundant Lecture //D99 The arrow in the diagram above points to the exocuticle, which is shed during molting. The arrow does point to the exocuticle, and it really is shed during molting. The endocuticle is not shed, however. Right! The epicuticle and exocuticle are shed during molting. Why are Insects so Diverse and Abundant Lecture //D100 The arrow in the diagram above points to the epicuticle, which is not shed during molting. The arrow points to the endocuticle. It is recycled during molting and is not shed. You correctly answered false- GOOD! The endocuticle is not shed during molting but is recycled. Why are Insects so Diverse and Abundant Lecture //D101 The arrow in the diagram above points to the epidermis, which is not shed during molting. The deepest layer in the cuticle is the epidermis. It is not shed during molting and is functionally equivalent to our epidermal (skin) cells. Right! The epidermis is the deepest layer, is not shed, and is living. Why are Insects so Diverse and Abundant Lecture //D102 Why don't insects have bones? Because bones are too heavy for them. Because they don't have enough calcium to make bones. Because bones are better for larger organisms. Because an exoskeleton protects them better than bones would. All of the above. C & D only. The insect exoskeleton serves as a protective mechanism and for support. Bones are better for larger organisms, and the exoskeleton protects them better than bones would. Yes, and the exoskeleton does a marvelous job of protecting insects. Why are Insects so Diverse and Abundant Lecture //D103 This life stage is an example of why insects are diverse because: It is an example of the changes in body structure, habit, and behavior that enabled insects to better fit environmental niches. It is an example of a wingless insect. It is an example of a scale insect, many of which are very abundant. It is an example of a parasitic wasp pupa that has attacked a caterpillar. Actually, it is an example of the changes in body structure, habit, and behavior that enabled insects to better fit environmental niches. The picture shows a Monarch butterfly pupa attached to a stick. The larva eats milkweed plants and cannot fly, while the adult butterfly migrates all the way to Mexico on its strong wings. Good answer!!!! Metamorphosis allows for specialization of body parts & lifestyle, and promotes survival. The picture shows a Monarch butterfly pupa attached to a stick. The larva eats milkweed plants and cannot fly, while the adult butterfly migrates all the way to Mexico on its strong wings. Why are Insects so Diverse and Abundant Lecture //D104 Above is a diagram of an insect's body. One of these body parts is most responsible for reproduction. It is: A B C D The head is used mostly for sensory inputs and feeding, the thorax is used for locomotion and digestion, and the abdomen is used for digestion, excretion, and reproduction. Yes, the abdomen is used for reproduction. Why are Insects so Diverse and Abundant Lecture //D105 Above is a diagram of an insect's body. One of these body parts is most responsible for sensory inputs and feeding. It is: A B C D The head is used mostly for sensory inputs and feeding, the thorax is used for locomotion and digestion, and the abdomen is used for digestion, excretion, and reproduction. Yes, the head is used for sensory inputs and for feeding! Why are Insects so Diverse and Abundant Lecture //D106 The shed skin of a molted insect is composed of the: Epicuticle and exocuticle. Exocuticle and endocuticle. Exocuticle, cement layer, and the epidermis. Exocuticle and epidermis. Only the exocuticle and epicuticle is molted. Right! The endocuticle is dissolved and recycled. Why are Insects so Diverse and Abundant Lecture //D107 For insects, locomotory appendages are found on the thorax. Legs and wings are locomotory appendages, and they are attached to the thorax. Yes! Legs and wings are attached to the thorax. Why are Insects so Diverse and Abundant Lecture //D108 Retaining water is critical of insects because of their small surface area to volume ratio. Actually, insect have a large surface area to volume ratio. In other words, they have lots of skin and a small pool of fluid inside that skin. Correct! They really have a large surface area to volume ratio. Why are Insects so Diverse and Abundant Lecture //D109 Aestivation usually occurs in the summer and occurs because of only one stimulus- temperature changes. Aestivation usually does occur in the summer and is associated with temperature changes. Specifically, it is associated with temperature increases. Bare ground soil temperatures can get really hot, and are usually several degrees hotter than air temperatures measured in the shade. One of us has measured soil surface temperatures of greater than 56 degrees centigrade (133 degrees F!) in a southeastern peanut field. Insects may aestivate to avoid such an extreme temperature. Right! Aestivation is often caused by high temperatures and an insect's attempts to avoid them. Why are Insects so Diverse and Abundant Lecture